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500 APPENDIX D INSTALLING THE GIMP ON LINUX OR UNIX Red Hat If GIMP wasn t already included when you installed your system, you can probably get it using the software installation window. If you have installation disks, the GIMP is probably on them. Alternately, from a terminal (as root), you can type the following: up2date gimp Fedora users, use this command: yum install gimp SuSE SuSE normally installs the GIMP by default. The GIMP is always present on all versions of the install disks, but it may not be the most current build available. With that in mind, it may be a good idea to use SuSE s usual YaST software screen to install the newest version. Debian Variants Any Debian-based system should be able to install the GIMP by typing (as root): aptitude install gimp This will apply to Ubuntu, Libranet, Knoppix, and a host of others. You can see a mostly complete list of Debian flavors at: http://www.debian.org/misc/children-distros Alternately, you can use a graphical program such as synaptic (or whatever package manager is available in your desktop menus) to choose and install the GIMP from a menu of software. Linspire The GIMP is part of the Click-N-Run Warehouse, and that may be the easiest way to get it. If you don t have Click-N-Run membership, you may be able to get the GIMP using the Debian tools aptitude or apt-get (see Debian Variants, above). Mandriva The GIMP is available through RPMDrake, Mandriva s software installation tool. If you need a version newer than the one they offer, you may be able to find an RPM from Mandriva s cooker or other Mandriva sites. FreeBSD and NetBSD On FreeBSD, it s easy. The GIMP has been faithfully ported to all FreeBSD Unix versions for years, though it is typically a little behind the current release.
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Installing the GIMP on Linux or Unix APPENDIX D On Linux, installing the GIMP is usually very easy. Nearly all Linux distributions already include GIMP, either on the installation CDs or as an extra you can download using built-in software installation tools. In this appendix, you ll find installation notes for the following: Red Hat/Fedora Linux SuSE Linux Debian (including variants such as Ubuntu or Libranet) Linspire Mandriva FreeBSD and NetBSD Other Unix variants Caution If your Linux distribution isn t current, it may not yet have GIMP 2.4. Most of this book should make sense for GIMP 2.2 users and even GIMP 2.0 users; but there are a few features that weren t added until 2.4. If you re eager to try out the latest and greatest, skip ahead to Appendix E, Building from Source. After installing, don t forget to glance through Appendix F, First Startup. Installation Notes for Various Distributions Each Linux distribution has a slightly different set of tools for installing software. With any luck, you re already familiar with how to install packages on your system, but here are some guidelines for the most common Linux distributions.
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498 APPENDIX C INSTALLING THE GIMP ON MAC If you d like to shop direct for the GIMP by going to the original developers site, point your browser to http://gimp.org/macintosh/. What you ll find there is . . . Gimp.app! But there s also a set of links that can eventually solve just about any weird problem you might have. Plus, there is some interesting background information along with the latest notes. Downloading Gimp.app is essentially no different from using Apple s site you will be presented with the same list of mirrors eventually. Cleaning Up Once you ve installed X11, you no longer need X11User.dmg or Gimp-[version].dmg. You can delete them, though it s probably best to keep them around for a while in case you need to reinstall for some reason. You launch the GIMP just like any other OS X program go to your Applications folder (or wherever you chose to drag and drop it) and double-click the Gimp icon. The first time you start the GIMP, an icon featuring Wilber (the mascot) will appear in the Dock in the usual place. Like other OS X applications, if you move the icon to another location in the Dock, it will stick. From then on, you can launch the GIMP just by clicking its Dock icon. If X11 is not yet running, the Dock launcher will take care of that for you, just as if you had launched from the Applications folder. You re ready to start exploring the GIMP! Don t forget to read Appendix F for some tips on First Startup.
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APPENDIX C INSTALLING THE GIMP ON MAC 497 Especially interesting is an explanation of the final item in the folder: Turn On X11 Focus Follows Mouse. Use this option! If you don t, you ll have to click twice on each button you use in the GIMP. Double-clicking on that icon in the Gimp installation folder cures the problem. If you decide later that you don t like Focus Follows Mouse, open Terminal.app and type: defaults write com.apple.x11 wm_ffm false Hit Return at the end of the line, of course. Other GIMPs and X11s for OS X For a typical OS X 10.3 (Panther) or 10.4 (Tiger) user, this information is probably just background. Your best bet is to install Gimp.app and Apple s X11. But if you are running OS X 10.2 (Jaguar) or 10.1 (Puma), you can t run either Gimp.app or Apple s X11, and must rely on other resources. Also, anyone who wants to use a graphics tablet or other specialized input device may need a different X11 implementation. Apple s X11 does not generally support such hardware. Try it with Apple s X11 first; but if it doesn t work, don t give up until you try a different X. (If you re running OS X 10.0 Cheetah I know of no way to run the GIMP short of porting it yourself.) First you need a compatible version of X11. There are various versions available; some cost money, others are free. Probably your best choice is XFree86, which is free and compatible with OS X 10.1 or later. It s a completely open source implementation that is generally more up-to-date than Apple s version. The downside is that it usually runs a bit slower. You can download it from various places, including Apple s own site, under the name XFree86. Or you can shop direct at http://www.osxgnu.org. You can also get XFree86 via the fink or darwinports methods (see below). There s also XDarwin, a pay application (not free), which works with some graphics tablets. Meanwhile, OS X 10.1 and 10.2 users will also need a compatible version of the GIMP. A good option is to install Fink (mentioned in the Gimp.app README.txt). It s a very extensive collection of software along with the tools to install and use it. You can look it over at http://fink.sourceforge.net. Once you have Fink, you can install XFree86 and the GIMP by simply typing into Terminal.app: apt-get install xfree86 gimp Alternately, for OS X 10.2 or later, you might wish to compile (build) it on your own system. This would normally be a bit daunting, but DarwinPorts comes to the rescue! You can find out more about DarwinPorts at the Apple download site, again under the Unix and Open Source category. Using its automated tools, you can build and install your own GIMP. All you have to do is type: port install gimp DarwinPorts will do the rest, which may also include building various dependencies. This can take quite a while (several hours). All these methods work fine, and both Fink and DarwinPorts also supply different versions of the GIMP.
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496 APPENDIX C INSTALLING THE GIMP ON MAC WHAT IS THIS X11 THING? The X Window System has been around for ages. Apple calls it X11 but you may also have heard of X11R6, Xfree86, X-windows, the X Window System, or even just X. The last is particularly confusing for Mac users since Apple s current OS is called, well . . . it s called ten, but it looks like X! X is basically the graphical part of most Linux and Unix distributions. It plays the same role on these machines that Quartz and Aqua play on OS X: it handles graphics, windows, and the input from the keyboard and mouse. Meanwhile, the heart of the operating system, called the kernel (in the OS X case, a combina- tion of the Mach and FreeBSD Unix systems, called Darwin) handles non-graphical tasks such as the network and the file system. Apple offers X for Mac users who would like to take advantage of the enormous collection of Linux, Unix, and GNU programs designed for it. The GIMP is one of those programs. If You Need to Install X11 If you have system disks with X11 on them, double-click on the icon and you ll be presented with an installer. If you downloaded it, you ll find X11User.dmg in your download folder, which you can double-click; it will expand into a disk image. Inside, you ll find an icon called X11User.pkg. Double-click that and you ll be presented with a standard OS X installer. From there on it s the usual sequence: agree to the license, choose a place to install, click a few times, and you re done. No further action should be required regarding X11 for you to run Gimp.app. If X11 is not already running when you start GIMP, the launcher will take care of that for you. Note You may have noticed references to Gimp.app, GIMP, and the GIMP. Why the different usages? The authors of the GIMP tend to capitalize it because it s an acronym for the GNU Image Manipulation Program. Sometimes they call it the GIMP, and sometimes just GIMP. When it was ported to Mac OS X, the capitalization was not used. Also in keeping with typical OS X style, the packaged program was called Gimp.app which means Mac people are likely to see Gimp, GIMP, The GIMP, and Gimp.app used interchangeably. Installing Gimp.app Double-clicking on the Gimp-[version].dmg in your download folder will expand a disk image called, appropriately, Gimp. Inside you ll find a collection of files including one named Gimp. At this point, you can simply drag the icon labeled Gimp into your Applications folder (or wherever you like to keep your downloaded programs). You ll also note the Get X11 for OS X 10.[version]. This did not work on my copy; I don t suggest counting on it. LICENSE.txt will have a copy of the GNU General Public License, which you are not required to read just to use the program. It s interesting, but you re free to skip it. It won t be on the test. The README.txt file will have very up-to-date information about the version you just downloaded. You ll find longer and more specific installation instructions tailored to that version. There are also some comments about the people who made this program for you.
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APPENDIX C INSTALLING THE GIMP ON MAC 495 Near the bottom of the Categories column on the left side you ll find UNIX & Open Source. Click on that link. Somewhere in the list you ll find Gimp.app for months it was the Featured Download, but by now it has probably been moved. If you click on the link to the description page, you ll note it requires Apple s X11 also. The Download button will take you to a page showing various mirror sites in countries all over the world. Mirrors are sites that host exact copies of files from a project or application s main site, usually at no charge. This allows gimp.org and other project sites to offload some of the burden of distributing their products. Most major free and open source projects have mirror sites. It s usually best to choose the mirror nearest you. This will initiate the download automatically in most browsers. Caution Click on the button next to the file size in the Download column. There s a natural tendency to click on the mirror s logo in the leftmost column, but that will take you to a website rather than delivering the file! If you re on dialup, the download can take quite a while since the file is over 40MB. On completion, you should end up with a file called Gimp-[version number].dmg in your download folder. Stop here. Don t install it yet, before you ve checked for X11. If You Need to Get X11 How do you know you if you already have X11? The direct way to check is to look in your Applications folder for X11. It should have an X icon. If it s not there, try searching for files named X11. If you don t find it, you can check your original OS X disks. No luck? Can t find the disks? It s probably best to download it now, since you should install it before the GIMP. Point your browser back to the Apple download pages. It s fastest to use the Search Downloads feature, which is normally in the upper-left, just under the Apple header. Type x11 into the search bar and make sure the popdown menu has either Apple or All Downloads selected. There is no Go or Search button, so just hit Return on your keyboard. At the top of the resulting list (or near it) will be X11 for Mac OS X - Apple. That s what you re after. Note You may also notice an application called XFree86 in the Unix and Open Source category while you re looking for X11. See Other GIMPs and X11s for OS X near the end of this appendix for further information. Click on the link and follow the same download procedure you used for Gimp.app. However, this time it will come directly from Apple s servers, so you don t have to choose a mirror site. Usually X11 and Gimp.app are about the same size.
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494 APPENDIX C INSTALLING THE GIMP ON MAC 1. Go to Apple s download site and get Gimp.app from the UNIX and Open Source category. 2. If you haven t already installed X11 and don t have it on CD, get it from the Apple software category. 3. Install X11 before you install GIMP. The .dmg includes a self-guiding installer. 4. Open the Gimp-[version]dmg and drag Gimp to your Applications folder. 5. Double-click on the Turn On X11 Focus Follows Mouse icon. (For more information, see the note in the Installing Gimp.app section.) 6. Double-click on the Gimp icon to start it. It will automatically start X11 if it s not already running, and otherwise act (and mostly look) like any other OS X program. Then see Appendix F, First Startup. There is one way Gimp.app will act differently from standard OS X programs, and you may find it confusing. The main menu bar at the top of your screen will show X11 rather than The GIMP, as in Figure C-1. This means all Gimp.app File operations will have to be done from menus inside GIMP windows rather than the top menu bar. This is true of all programs running under X11 on Mac OS X the GIMP is not singled out! Figure C-1. The strange behavior of the main menu when X11-based programs are running The Longer Version: Getting the GIMP The gimp.org website has a page on GIMP for MacOSX which discusses the various Macintosh versions available and where to get them. There are several options, but the easiest for most people is Gimp.app, which includes all the GTK libraries you need as well as the GIMP itself. Caution If you are running OS X 10.2 (Jaguar) or earlier, neither Gimp.app nor Apple s X11 will work with your system. Your can upgrade your OS X, or skip to Other GIMPs and X11s for OS X near the end of this section to find out how you can get the GIMP running on your system. The easiest place to get Gimp.app is from Apple s download site. In the Apple menu in the extreme left of your main menu bar, choose Mac OS X Software…. Or if you prefer to type in URLs, point your browser to: http://www.apple.com/downloads/macosx/
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Installing the GIMP on Mac APPENDIX C Depending on the state of your system, installing the GIMP can be as simple as downloading a typical Mac application, or a bit more complicated. You may also have to get and install X11. In this appendix, you ll find the following: Requirements The Quick Start Version Getting the GIMP Getting X11 Installing X11 Installing the GIMP Other GIMPs and X11s for Mac OS X Cleaning up Requirements First, GIMP on Macintosh requires OS X. It will not run on earlier versions of Mac OS, largely because the building blocks it needs (GTK+ and X11) were never ported to the earlier Mac systems. On Mac OS X, the first step to installing GIMP is making sure you have X11. Apple distributes a version of X11, and you may already have it installed: it ships on the OS X installation CDs. If you don t have it and can t find your disks, you can get it from Apple s download site at the same time you get the GIMP. The Quick Start Version If you already know about the Apple OS X software download site, are familiar with typical software installation, have OS X 10.3 or later, and don t need drawing tablet support, here s all you need to know.
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APPENDIX B INSTALLING THE GIMP ON WINDOWS 491 WHAT IF I HAVE WINDOWS 95 (OR EARLIER?) You re not completely on your own, but you do have to drop back a bit. GIMP 2.2 and later simply won t work right on Windows 95 or earlier. However, you should still be able to run GIMP 2.0, which this book will cover very nicely (the minor differences should cause little trouble). To get it, point your browser to: http://gimp-win.sourceforge.net/old.html There, you ll find older versions of GTK+ and GIMP that worked fine with Windows 95. However, depend- ing on how much you ve customized your machine, your mileage may vary. It might be time to think about an upgrade. Cleaning Up Once you ve completed the installation, you no longer need the zip files you downloaded, and can safely move them to the recycle bin (and empty it). You don t need the installer (.exe) files or the folders they re in either. You can delete them, though it s probably best to keep them around for a while in case you need to reinstall for some reason.
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490 APPENDIX B INSTALLING THE GIMP ON WINDOWS Windows 98 and ME users will be treated to a screen telling them the GIMP is no longer actively supported for those platforms. This is mostly true, though GIMP 2.2 versions will probably work. The purpose of this disclaimer is to avoid getting complaints if they don t. Some people who use their spare time to give you free stuff are just so lazy. Click Next, of course. There s that GNU General Public License again! It won t have changed since you last saw it, so see how fast you can click the Next button. D j vu: the Select Destination dialog again. The installer will present you with a default location. Unless you have a very good reason and know exactly what you re doing, you should accept the default and, you guessed it, click Next again. Time to select which components get installed. The base component is not optional, but it is listed for completeness. Translations are not necessary for English speakers (they won t hurt anything), but are a good idea for everyone else. The Gimp FreeType plug-in is theoretically optional, but if it s there, leave it checked. (It gives you some fun options for adding text to images.) After clicking another Next, you ll be presented with what may be an unfamiliar screen: Select file associations. If you click on any of the available selections, that kind of file will automatically open in the GIMP from then on. The GIMP is an excellent program, but you re probably not familiar with it yet so you should almost certainly not select any of these options (thoughtfully, that s the default). Next! Now you re offered an opportunity to place a GIMP icon in a custom Start Menu folder. You can change the name of the folder, or check the box near the bottom that says Don t create a Start Menu folder. The latter is probably the best choice for now, followed by yet another Next. On Select Additional Tasks the defaults are perfect. You should probably let the installer make a desktop icon, and a quicklaunch icon is probably overkill until you see how often you want to use the GIMP. Make your choices and click Next. Will this ever end? Yes! You re at the ever-scary Ready To Install screen. This shows a list of the options you ve chosen and what will happen when you take the plunge. Brace yourself and click Install. After watching the progress bar for about three times as long as GTK+ took, you get the Completing screen. Usually, there s a checked option to Launch The GIMP. It s probably best to leave it checked and get that over with now, since you already have a good rhythm for clicking buttons. This time it s Finish. Note If you left the option to launch checked, be sure to refer to Appendix F, First Startup.
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